Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Characteristics

Understanding ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It affects approximately 5-10% of children worldwide. People with ADHD struggle with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These challenges impact daily life, learning, and social interactions.

Key Characteristics of ADHD

Children with ADHD show different symptoms. Some have trouble paying attention, while others are very active. Some struggle with both. Experts group ADHD into three types based on the main symptoms:

1. Inattentive Type – Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted.
2. Hyperactive-Impulsive Type – Excessive movement, talking, and acting without thinking.
3. Combined Type – A mix of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity.

Signs and Symptoms

Inattention

• Difficulty paying attention to tasks and performing activities.
• Losing things. Misplacing items like books, toys, or school supplies.
• Making 'careless' mistakes. Difficulty focusing on small details.
• Finding it hard to follow instructions or complete tasks.

Hyperactivity

• Fidgeting. Moving hands or legs. Tapping or shifting in their seat.
• Talking too much. Blurting out answers. Difficulty waiting for their turn.
• Difficulty sitting still for a long time. Frequently get up from their seat.

Impulsivity

• Speaking out of turn. Cutting into conversations without realizing it.
• Finding it hard to wait for their turn in games, conversations, or activities
• Acting without thinking. Making decisions without thinking of the consequences.

Diagnosis and Causes

A doctor or psychologist diagnoses ADHD. They use behavioural assessments and reports from teachers and parents. Genetics, brain development, and environmental factors contribute to ADHD.

Impact on Learning and Daily Life

ADHD affects school performance, friendships, and self-esteem. Children may struggle in traditional classrooms. They need structured environments and extra support.

Strategies and Tips for ADHD Children

At Home

1. Create a Routine – Set a fixed schedule for homework, meals, and bedtime. A predictable routine helps children stay organized and feel secure.
2. Use Visual Aids – Use charts, checklists, and calendars to help children remember tasks. Visual reminders make it easier to follow daily activities.
3. Give Clear Instructions – Keep instructions simple and direct. Break tasks into small steps to make them easier to understand and complete.
4. Encourage Movement – Allow short breaks during tasks. Let children stretch, walk, or engage in brief physical activity to help them refocus.
5. Reduce Distractions – Create a quiet study area. Keep the space clutter-free to help children concentrate better.
6. Use Positive Reinforcement – Praise children for their efforts. Small rewards or encouragement can boost their confidence and motivation.

In School

1. Provide a Structured Environment – Keep a predictable schedule in the classroom. Having a routine can help reduce anxiety and improve focus.
2. Interactive Learning – Hands-on activities, visual aids, and engaging lessons keep students involved.
3. Give Positive Reinforcement – Acknowledge good behavior and efforts. Verbal praise, stickers, or a reward system can encourage students to stay motivated.
4. Break Big Tasks into Small Steps –Big assignments can overwhelm students. Dividing them into smaller parts makes them more manageable.
5. Allow Movement Breaks – Give students short breaks to move around. This helps them release energy and return to tasks with better focus.
6. Fidget Tools – Items like stress balls or fidget spinners help children stay engaged.

Role of the School

Special schools play a crucial role in supporting children with ADHD. Special schools in Mumbai have a lot to offer to students with ADHD. The schools have an inclusive learning environment. Teachers are trained to help children manage their symptoms and develop essential skills. Classrooms are designed with clear routines. There are minimal distractions to enhance focus and learning.

At special schools, students can get personalized support and a structured learning environment. They use various strategies to support students with ADHD. Teachers use structured teaching methods to address student needs. Students are also given classroom accommodations.

We help our students with ADHD by providing the necessary support. Teachers are trained to support ADHD students. Our classrooms are structured to provide clear routines. We also create sensory-friendly spaces to help students feel comfortable and focused. These efforts ensure that children can learn and grow effectively.

There are various accommodations put in place, like:

• Fidget tools
• Calm corners
• Breaking lessons into smaller steps.

Classroom accommodations like fidgets and a calm corner help students self-regulate. ADHD-friendly strategies are incorporated into teaching to ensure better engagement and understanding.

The goal is to help our students build confidence, independence, and academic success. We aim to provide a supportive space for our students to help them excel. By fostering their confidence and independence, we help them reach their highest potential.

Treatment and Support

Managing ADHD requires a combination of therapy, medication, and changes in daily habits. Each child may need a different approach based on their strengths and challenges. A structured plan helps children manage daily challenges. Using consistent strategies at school and home builds their confidence.

Special schools may offer various therapies. We offer therapy services to further support our students. At our school, Occupational and Behavioural Therapy is a part of our school programs. They help children develop self-regulation skills and improve social interactions. These therapies strengthen their emotional well-being.

Parents and teachers should work together to provide consistent support.

Conclusion

ADHD can be managed with effective strategies and support systems. Schools and parents must work together to provide structure, encouragement, and understanding. A well-planned routine helps children stay focused and organized. Special schools can offer expert guidance. Some provide therapeutic support and individualized teaching methods. The right approach can help children with ADHD excel in academics. They can build strong social skills and become more confident